In a saucepan, heat the chicken or vegetable stock. It should be almost boiling by the time you start cooking the rice.
While your stock is heating, finely chop the onion and garlic. Melt half of the butter with the oil in a large saucepan, then add the onion. Cook for a few minutes. The onion shouldn’t brown; it should only turn nicely translucent. Add the garlic and cook for another 30 seconds.
Add the rice. Stir it thoroughly; the grains should be coated in the oil-butter-onion mixture. Sauté the rice over medium heat for 2–3 minutes. The grains should have translucent edges while still being white in the middle.
Add the wine and stir once. Cook over medium heat and let the liquid evaporate.
The rice should be cooked over medium-low to medium heat, and the stock should be kept close to boiling; otherwise, it cools down the rice. Cooking risotto requires your full attention. The steps described below have to be repeated until the rice is done. The exact cooking time is indicated on the package, usually 16–18 minutes.
Pour 1 to 1½ ladles (that is, 1/3 to 1/2 cup or 100–150 ml) of the hot stock over the rice.
With a wooden spoon or spatula, stir the rice so the liquid covers it evenly. Let the rice cook for about a minute, stirring occasionally. The very essence of real Italian risotto is adding the stock little by little, then letting it evaporate. Usually, it takes 1 to 1½ minutes for the stock to evaporate, depending on the size of your saucepan and the heat. When all the liquid has evaporated, start the process all over again by pouring more hot stock over the rice.
In between rounds, grate the Parmesan and cut up the other ingredients of your choice: vegetables, mushrooms, sausage, etc.
About two minutes before the rice is ready, add your other ingredients to the risotto. Stir and add a little more broth. The result should be creamy and saucy, resembling a rich, dense, somewhat overcooked soup. To get an idea, check out my last picture: rice in a creamy, thick sauce with porcini mushrooms.
Just before it’s done, add the grated Parmesan and stir. Cook for about 30 seconds, then take it off the heat. According to the Italians, rice has to be al dente, just like pasta. It should not be overcooked. Add the remaining butter and cover it. Let it stand for 2 minutes, until the butter melts. If it’s too thick, just add a little more stock.